Bamboo - A Fiber Resource with Great Potential

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" rowspan="2" width=140 BGCOLOR="#009900" TEXT="#F7F7FF"> <div> <IMG SRC="2645a310.jpg" border=0 width="90" height="49" ALT="HC logo" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="HurterConsult Incorporated">Home</A></div> <div> <A HREF="philosophy.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Our Process Technology Design Philosoph">Philosophy</A></div> <div> <A HREF="expertise.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Our Areas of Expertise">Expertise</A></div> <div> <A HREF="services.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Our Scope of Services">Services</A></div> <div> <A HREF="cellulosic_biofuels.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Cellulosic Biofuel">Cellulosic Biofuel</A></div> <div> <A HREF="references.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="HurterConsult Project References">References</A></div> <div> <A HREF="info.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="HurterConsult News Info"><B>News & Info</B></A></div> <div> <A HREF="links.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="HurterConsult Favorite Links">Links</A></div> <div> <A HREF="contact.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Contact HurterConsult">Contact Us</A></div> <div> <A HREF="legal_notice.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Legal Notice About This Web Site">Legal Notice</A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/re"><IMG SRC="2f6581f0.png" border=0 width="88" height="31" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></A></div> </td> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=100 style=" border-bottom: 1px solid #555555;" BGCOLOR="#009900" TEXT="#F7F7FF"> <div> <B>HurterConsult Incorporated</B></div> <div> <B>Consulting Engineers - Nonwood, Wood & Recycled Fiber Pulp, Paper, Fiberboard & Cellulosic Biofuel Projects</B></div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" height=380 width="100%" colspan=2 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <A HREF="info.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="HurterConsult News Info"><B>News & Info</B></A><B>  /  </B><A HREF="nonwood_paper_1.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Nonwood Fiber Content Papers Part 1:"><B>Up</B></A><B>  /  </B><A HREF="bagasse_pulp_uses.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Bagasse Pulp Uses in Papermaking"><B>Down</B></A><B>  /  </B><A HREF="contact.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Contact HurterConsult"><B>Contact Us</B></A></div> <div> <B>  <FORM method=GET action="http://www.google.com/search" TARGET=_blank> <input type=hidden name=ie value=UTF-8> <input type=hidden name=oe value=UTF-8> <TABLE bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><tr><td> <A HREF="http://www.google.com/" TARGET=_blank> <IMG SRC=http://www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif border="0" ALT="Google" align="middle"></A> </td> <td> <INPUT TYPE=text name=q size=31 maxlength=255 value=""> <INPUT type=submit name=btnG VALUE="Google Search"> <input type=hidden name=domains value="www.HurterConsult.com"><br><input type=radio name=sitesearch value=""> Search WWW <input type=radio name=sitesearch value="www.HurterConsult.com" checked> Search www.HurterConsult.com <br> </font> </td></tr></TABLE> </FORM>   </B></div> <bR> <div> <B>Bamboo - A Fiber Resource with Great Potential</B></div> <bR> <div> By Robert W. Hurter, P. Eng., MBA, President, HurterConsult Incorporated, February 2002.</div> <bR> <div>  <a href="HTMLobj-894/bamboo.pdf"><img align="bottom" border="0" width="153" height="17" alt="Bamboo - A Fiber Resource with Great Potential" src="HTMLobj-894/download_pdf_LG_LARGE.gif"></a>  (requires Adobe Reader).</div> <bR> <div> To date, over 1200 bamboo species have been identified globally of which only about 35 are used as raw material for the pulp and paper industry.  Both tropical and temperate species exist, and bamboo comes in many sizes from small diameter “fishing poles” to large diameter bamboo which grows 100 feet (30 meters) tall in 3 to 4 years.  </div> <bR> <div> As shown in the following table, a more interesting feature of bamboo is that its fiber characteristics offer a wide range depending on the species with some bamboo having fibers similar to hardwoods and others having fibers similar to softwoods, as well as many species falling in between hardwoods and softwoods.</div> <bR> <div> There are many features offered by bamboo which give bamboo great potential as a fiber resource for the pulp and paper industry such as:</div> <bR> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b7010411111100.png" HEIGHT="17" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">bamboo can be chipped in a similar manner to wood, and bamboo chips handle, pulp and bleach like wood chips</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b7010411111100.png" HEIGHT="17" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">bamboo chips could be blended with wood chips and co-cooked and bleached at existing wood-based chemical pulp mills - the clear advantage is that there is virtually no capital investment required to co-cook a blend of say 20% bamboo and 80% wood chips other than a possible chip blending station</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b7010411111100.png" HEIGHT="17" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">technology exists to clone bamboo which means that specific species could be cloned to meet specific pulp requirements</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b7010411111100.png" HEIGHT="17" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">cloning technology can be used to develop bamboo farms designed to produce fiber suited for specific wood-based pulp mills</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b7010411111100.png" HEIGHT="17" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">bamboo farming offers the potential to develop a fast growing fiber resource for the pulp and paper industry</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b7010411111100.png" HEIGHT="17" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">bamboo farms offer the potential for other industrial development such as the production of particleboard, MDF and hardwood flooring substitutes </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b7010411111100.png" HEIGHT="17" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">depending on the species, farms may also produce bamboo shoots for food</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b7010411111100.png" HEIGHT="17" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">from an <B>environmental perspective</B>, the use of bamboo chips must be restricted to using bamboo only from <B>certified bamboo farms</B> to prevent usage of natural stands</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b7010411111100.png" HEIGHT="17" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">bamboo cloning technology could be used to redevelop depleted natural stands</div> <bR> <div> This last feature of using bamboo cloning technology to redevelop depleted natural stands offers great potential for enhancing the natural habitat of the <B>Giant Panda</B> and helping to ensure its continued survival. Pandas will eat a variety of plants, including irises, crocuses, horsetails, vines, certain grasses, and fir bark, and they will also eat meat but are not adept at catching prey. But the most important panda food by far is bamboo. Pandas eat more than fifteen species of bamboo, eating different parts of the plants at different seasons.</div> <bR> <div> Every 40 to 120 years, all plants of a particular bamboo species in a region produce flowers and seeds after which they all die at about the same time. Then it takes about 3 years to for the bamboo forest to re-establish itself.  When this happens, pandas normally feed on a different species of bamboo. But what if a region has only one or two species? In the mid-1970s and again in 1983, arrow and umbrella bamboo (two panda favorites) died out in northern Sichuan Province in China. For the first time in recent history, the pandas had nowhere to go because people had built farms and villages down below which divided the panda habitat into mountaintop “islands.” And each mountaintop had but a single bamboo species. These were tragic events for pandas, many of which starved.</div> <bR> <div> Using cloning technology, governments, NGO's and industry could work together to redevelop panda habitats with multiple bamboo species which are suited to their diet and which have sufficient differences that all of the species would not flower at the same time.</div> <bR> <div> Bamboo farming offers great potential for multiple industrial uses but careful consideration must be given to the sustainable use of this potential resource both with respect to certified bamboo farming as well as the preservation of natural habitats and bamboo forests.</div> <bR> <div> <B>HurterConsult's position the utilization of bamboo for industrial purposes is based on the development of certified bamboo farms.</B></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="98%" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN=7 HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="98%"><bR> <div> <B>Average Fiber Dimensions for Selected Bamboo Species</B></div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <B>Species</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> <B>Local Name / Comments</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> <B>Length</B></div> <div> <B>(mm)</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <B>Width</B></div> <div> <B>(microns)</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <B>L/D Ratio</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <B>Lumen</B></div> <div> <B>(microns)</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><div> <B>Cell Wall Thickness</B></div> <div> <B>(microns)</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Bambusa arundinaria</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> India bamboo</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 1.73</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 22</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 79:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 6</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><div> 8.0</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Bambusa arundinaria</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> Daba</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 2.70</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 ><NOBR><div> <I>Bambusa beecheyana</I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="180" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 1.93</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 17.20</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 112:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.58</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 ><NOBR><div> <I>Bambusa blummeana</I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> Kauayan tinik</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 2.02</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 18</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 112:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 4</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><div> 7.0</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 ><NOBR><div> <I>Bambusa dissimulator</I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="180" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 2.32</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 15.19</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 151:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.38</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 ><NOBR><div> <I>Bambusa malingensis</I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="180" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 2.07</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 14.79</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 140:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.45</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Bambusa multiplex</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> Kauayan-china</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 1.36</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 18</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 76:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 2</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><div> 8.0</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Bambusa nutans</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="180" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 2.29</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 16.97</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 135:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 2.77</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Bambusa oldhami</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="180" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 1.92</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 16.97</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 113</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.17</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 ><NOBR><div> <I>Bambusa polymorpha</I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> Gamabetua</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.2</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 ><NOBR><div> <I>Bambusa stenostachya</I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="180" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 2.23</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 15.49</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 144:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 2.90</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Bambusa textilis</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="180" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 2.04</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 16.78</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 122:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.02</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Bambusa tulda</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="180" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 2.15</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 17.33</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 124:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 2.34</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Bambusa tulda</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> Mitenga</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.0</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Bambusa tulda</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> Spineless India Bamboo</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 1.45</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 20</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 73:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 5</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><div> 7.5</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Bambusa tuldoides</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="180" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 1.89</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 18.21</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 104:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.83</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Bambusa ventricosa</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="180" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 1.90</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 14.38</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 132:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.31</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Bambusa vulgaris</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="180" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.43</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 15.41</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 223:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.73</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 ><NOBR><div> <I>Bambusa vulgaris Var. Vittata</I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="180" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 2.98</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 16.21</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 184:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.43</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Bambusa vulgaris</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> Yellow Bamboo</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 1.60</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 20</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 80:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 4</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><div> 8.0</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Bambusa vulgaris</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> Kauayan-killing</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 2.33</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 17</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 137:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 4</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><div> 7.0</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER ROWSPAN=3 HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Bambusa vulgaris</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> Kauayan-killing / top</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 2.22</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 8.7</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 255:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> Kauayan-killing / middle</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 2.23</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 9.6</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 232:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> Kauayan-killing / base</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 2.21</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 9.0</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 246:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 ><NOBR><div> <I>Dendrocalamus asper</I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="180" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 2.43</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 17.89</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 136:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.97</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 ><NOBR><div> <I>Dendrocalamus giganteus</I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="180" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.08</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 19.10</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 161:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 5.66</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 ><NOBR><div> <I>Dendrcalamus hamiltoni</I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> Kokwa</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.4</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 ><NOBR><div> <I>Dendrocalamus latiflorus</I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="180" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 2.44</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 17.06</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 143:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.44</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 ><NOBR><div> <I>Dendrocalamus longispathus</I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> Ora</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.5</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Dendrocalamus membranaceus</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="180" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 4.31</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 ><NOBR><div> <I>Dendrocalamus merrillianus</I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> Bayog</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 2.16</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 14</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 172:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 6</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><div> 4.0</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 ><NOBR><div> <I>Dendrocalamus strictus</I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="180" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 2.22</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 18.17</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 122:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 4.33</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER ROWSPAN=4 HEIGHT= 2 ><NOBR><div> <I>Dendrocalamus strictus</I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> Salia</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> Salia / freshly flowered</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.0</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> Salia / flowered 4 years</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.5</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> Salia / mature</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Gigantochloa aspera</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> Giant bamboo</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.78</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 19</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 199:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 7</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><div> 6.0</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Gigantochloa levis</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> Bolo</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 1.80</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 22</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 82:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 6</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><div> 8.0</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 ><NOBR><div> <I>Gigantochloa scortechini</I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="180" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.29</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 12.90</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 255:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Guadua amplexifolia</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="180" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 1.69</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 14.47</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 117:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.28</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Guadua angustifolia</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="180" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 1.93</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 16.04</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 120:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 2.12</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Guadua spinosa</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="180" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 1.65</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 14.57</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 113:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 5.74</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Guadua superba</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="180" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 1.94</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 14.22</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 136:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 2.14</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 ><NOBR><div> <I>Melocanna bambusoides</I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> Muli</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 2.7</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Neohouzeaua dullooa (Teinostachyum)</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> Dolu</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.6</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 ><NOBR><div> <I>Ochlandra travancorica</I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="180" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 9.01</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 ><NOBR><div> <I>Ochlandra travancorica</I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> Eta</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 4.0</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 ><NOBR><div> <I>Oxytenanthera nigrocilliata</I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> Kaliseri</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 3.61</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER ROWSPAN=4 HEIGHT= 2 ><NOBR><div> <I>Phyllostachys bambusoides</I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> Giant timber / top</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 0.92</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 8.9</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 103:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> Giant timber / middle</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 1.64</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 9.5</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 173:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> Giant timber / bottom</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 1.46</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 11.7</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 125:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> Giant timber / nodes</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 0.64</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 21.0</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 30:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Phyllostachys nigra</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> Pole-vault bamboo</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 1.86</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 19</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 98:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 6</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><div> 6.5</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER ROWSPAN=3 HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Phyllostachys viridis</I></div> <div> <I>(Sulphurea viridis)</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> top</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 1.09</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 8.9</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 123:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> middle</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 1.86</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 12.2</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 152:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> bottom</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 1.90</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 12.3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 154:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER ROWSPAN=3 HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Phyllostachys vivas</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> top</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 0.99</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 8.7</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 114:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> middle</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 1.35</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 9.8</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 138:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> bottom</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 1.59</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 11.2</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 142:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="75" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="2" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="132" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 ><NOBR><div> <I>Schizostachyum diffusum</I></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> Bikai</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 2.00</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 21</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 95:1</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 7</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="16%"><div> 7.0</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 2 WIDTH="24%"><div> <I>Schizostachyum lima</I></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="21%"><div> Anos</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 1.67</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 22</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="9%"><div> 76:1</div> </tD> 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